Expert Systems With Applications 53 (2016) 129–137 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Expert Systems With Applications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa Dictionary learning for VQ feature extraction in ECG beats classification Tong Liu a, Yujuan Si a,c,∗, Dunwei Wen b, Mujun Zang a,d, Liuqi Lang c a College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China b School of Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada c Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China d School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: ECG beats Vector quantization Classification Feature extraction k-medoids k-means++ a b s t r a c t Vector quantization(VQ) can perform efficient feature extraction from electrocardiogram (ECG) with the advantages of dimensionality reduction and accuracy increase. However,
